Underwater welding is a process whereby metals are melted together underwater to either repair a structure or create a new structure. Used on oil wells, ships, and other underwater structures, underwater welding is done by one of two methods. The first is hyperbaric welding, in which a structure is created around the weld and a pressurized environment created. The second is arc welding, in which the welding electrode contains a flux coating that releases gases to preserve the integrity of the weld. Because of the dangers of shock, explosion and poisoning, underwater welding is only performed by professionals with both diving and welding certifications.
Step One
Identify the site and material of the joint to be welded as most underwater welds involve steel, but metals may vary.
Step Two
Prepare a chamber to place around the joint (each joint should have a separate chamber).
Step Three
Introduce gas into the chamber. A typical gas mixture uses helium and oxygen, but requirements vary based on the specific joint to be welded. The pressure of the chamber should be slightly above that of the surrounding water.
Step Four
Run a power supply to the chamber and set up a port for your electrodes. Multiple electrodes will likely be required, and should be placed in advance in front of the area of the joint to be welded.
Step Five
Dive to the weld site.
Step Six
Turn on the power supply and weld the joint from outside the chamber.
Step Seven
Turn off the power supply as soon as the welding is done.